Hi,
When you say :
Do you mean you have set 172.16.42.1 as the IP of your pineapple ASIX in Windows? , if so, it should be 172.16.42.42, cause it is the default gateway the pineapple will look for to get Internet, the internal's pineapple address is default to 172.16.42.1, so you don't have to set it,
Also, the mask is supposed to be 255.255.255.0,
Here is a quick video Darren made on the subject, it is with Win 10 but it is similar to some extent,
https://youtu.be/Nv1eiIwOPKo
Hope this helps ;)
Quick EDIT : Also, if you'd like to use your kali VM, don't forget to setup the USB passthrough, then use wp6.sh from https://wifipineapple.com/wp6.sh to get its ICS to work,
Another Quick video from Darren on wp6.sh and Kali :
https://youtu.be/voGhGs4Zq-8