The only reason I was shying away from Bluetooth is because the app creating software that one of my partners knows how to use is not compatible with Bluetooth. I am still thinking that Bluetooth would be the best route to go. As far as charging the device, I am not completely sure how to tackle that. Obviously it would have to be wireless charging so there would have to be a dock of some sort using magnetic resonance.
I have been doing some research on Rf tags. Although they would not be able to necessarily send data, I was wondering if they could have any use in my problem such as being able to measure the doppler effect. Just some ideas.